Time Machines: Canadian pioneers

Time Machines: Canadian pioneers

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Photos by -Autonet.ca
GLEN WOODCOCK
Published: 03 07 2011

In celebration of Canadian-made cars, here’s a brief look at three pioneering vehicles, each the first of its kind in this country.

1867: First Steamer

Commemorated on a 43-cent Canadian stamp and a $20 coin, Henry Seth Taylor’s steam buggy was the first self-propelled road vehicle in Canada. Fittingly it was built in Confederation year, 1867.

Taylor was a jeweller and watchmaker from Stanstead, Que., who began construction of his steamer in 1865 with the help of local blacksmith Joseph Mosher. To much fanfare, it was shown at the Stanstead Fair in 1867. But a steam line broke just as Taylor drove it onto the fairgrounds and he had to push it from the field to a chorus of jeers. Taylor made repairs, and showed the buggy at his hometown fair again in 1868, where it performed flawlessly. His friends and neighbours, however, were unimpressed.


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The 227-kg steam buggy had a top speed of 24 km/h – and no brakes. On one downhill test run the steamer crashed and Taylor stored the wreck in his barn for many years, although the boiler was used in one of his later projects, a steam launch.

Miraculously, 144 years later Taylor’s steam buggy still exists. It was acquired by American industrialist Richard Stewart in 1960, who had it restored using the only known photograph as a guide. It is one of the oldest operating self-propelled vehicles in the world and in 1993 was purchased by the Canadian Museum of Science and Technology and is on display in Ottawa.

1893: First EV

Electric vehicles, or EVs, are all the rage today, but 118 years ago Canada’s first electrically-powered car was built in Toronto. It was the result of collaboration between patent attorney Frederick Featherstonhaugh (pronounced Fanshaw), engineer William Still and carriage maker John Dixon.

Still believed he had invented a lighter, more efficient storage battery and went to Featherstonhaugh for help in obtaining a patent. Featherstonhaugh wanted to own a motor car, but not one powered by steam or gasoline. An electric car was the answer.

Still drew up plans, including batteries and motor - which were approved by the exacting Featherstonhaugh. They took these plans to Dixon’s carriage works, at the corner of Bay and Temperance Streets.

What emerged from Dixon’s shop was a stylish two-passenger horseless carriage with advanced features such as a folding top, electric lights and pneumatic tires. It was first shown at the CNE in 1893. The four-horsepower electric motor could push the 318-kg vehicle to a top speed of 24 km/h and could operate for up to an hour before the batteries needed recharging.

Featherstonhaugh drove his electric car for 15 years, during which it got improvements such as a glass windshield and better steering. Alas, this landmark Canadian vehicle did not survive.

1897: First gas-powered

Canada’s first gasoline-powered automobile was the creation of George Foote Foss, a Sherbrooke, Que. blacksmith and bicycle repairman.

During a trip to Boston in 1896, Foss rented an electrically-powered brougham for an hour’s outing. Unfortunately, after just 30 minutes the batteries died. Foss went home, determined he could do better by using a gasoline engine, not an electric motor. This was just three years after the Duryea Bothers had produced the first gas-powered automobile in the U.S.

Foss completed his horseless carriage the following year. Powered by a four-cycle single cylinder engine, it not only could reach speeds of 24 km/h, but could climb Sherbrooke’s steepest hill. With its engine radically mounted at the front, the Fossmobile produced less vibration than its rivals, all of which had the engine mounted under the seat.

Foolishly, in retrospect, Foss turned down an offer from a local bank to finance a production line, believing he lacked the experience for such a venture. According to the 1973 publication Cars of Canada, “It was only in later years that he realized how far ahead of U.S. designers such as Ford and Olds he had been.”

Foss also turned down the opportunity to invest in a new automobile company being launched by Henry Ford, believing his own car was superior. But he never built another. In 1903 he became an automobile salesman in Montreal, where he sold the Fossmobile for $75 to a customer looking for a used car. The buyer drove off still owing Foss $5. He and Canada’s first real car were never seen again.

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